Scientists may have to change the way they conduct COVID-19 studies, as the United States is facing a monkey shortage. Non-human primates are usually the last step before products go into human trials, but with over 100 new COVID-19 vaccines, therapies, and drugs in development, there aren’t enough monkeys to go around.

The reasons for the shortage are threefold. First, COVID-19 has created extraordinary demand for monkeys. Second, this coincided with a massive drop in supply from China, which provided 60 percent of the nearly 35,000 monkeys imported to the U.S. last year and which shut off exports after COVID-19 hit. And third, these pandemic-related events are exacerbating preexisting monkey shortfalls. A 2018 National Institutes of Health report had found that NIH-funded national primate centers would be unable to meet future demand and specifically discussed a “strategic monkey reserve” to provide “surge capability for unpredictable disease outbreaks.” A disease outbreak is upon us; the strategic monkey reserve was never created.”

The Atlantic

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Monkeys infected with COVID-19 are also required to be put in special labs, called Animal Biosafety Level 3 labs. There are a limited number of these labs in the United States.

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In an attempt to manage the monkey demand, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has formed a public-private initiative, Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV), designed to control which products and which companies get to use the limited supply of testing monkeys. This initiative has the potential to save time and move scientists closer to vaccines, treatments, and therapies for COVID-19, but it could also make it difficult for those who aren’t affiliated with the project to gain access to non-human primate trials. A quick look at the leadership organizations involved in ACTIV show names like Merck, Johnson & Johson, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. In light of that, the decision to control access to the final stages of animal testing feels less like an efficiency or safety measure, and more like a way for those who already have the power to keep it.

The house, which is currently under Democratic control, will vote on legalizing cannabis at the federal level for the first time in history. The house would vote on the act during the week of September 21st. The bill, which is sponsored by Jerry Nadler (D-N.Y), would remove cannabis from the list of controlled substances at the federal level while expunging some cannabis-related criminal records. It would still be up to each state to determine the regulations for cannabis sales. The bill is expected to pass in the house but fail in the Republican-controlled senate.

Marijuana is currently regulated by a patchwork of laws at the state and federal levels, and Goers said legalization at the federal level would add “normalization” for businesses and states by legalizing marijuana at the federal level.

House will vote on federal marijuana legalization for the first time, bill’s future in Senate uncertain

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An overwhelming majority (91%) of Americans support the legalization of medical or recreational cannabis usage. A majority (59%) of Americans support both recreational and medical usage, whereas 32% think it should only be legal for medical purposes. While the results vary within the major political parties, a majority of both republicans and democrats support legalization.

Over the course of their presidencies, both Obama and Trump declined to enforce federal prohibitions against states that made cannabis legal for both recreational and medicinal use. While in office, Obama supported cannabis decriminalization but not legalization. Trump has said that he respects each state’s decision on whether or not to legalize cannabis.

Current democratic nominee and former vice president Joe Biden supports the decriminalization of cannabis, as well as the expunging of criminal records for cannabis usage but has not come out in support of legalization.

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The varying laws between state and federal levels can make business for cannabis dispensaries and other related businesses complicated. In some cases, banks will not work with dispensaries due to federal regulations, making dispensaries cash only and more vulnerable to theft. Legalizing cannabis at the federal level would hopefully make it easier for cannabis businesses to operate.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has decided to allow farmers who purchased dicamba-based products to use them this year, despite a June 3rd ruling by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals that canceled the product’s approval. Bayer’s XtendiMax, BASF’s Engenia, and Corteva Agriscience’s FeXapan can now be used in specific circumstances after the EPA received feedback from farmers who had already purchased the herbicides.

At the height of the growing season, the Court’s decision has threatened the livelihood of our nation’s farmers and the global food supply…Today’s cancellation and existing stocks order is consistent with EPA’s standard practice following registration invalidation, and is designed to advance compliance, ensure regulatory certainty, and to prevent the misuse of existing stocks.”

Andrew Wheeler, EPA Administrator

According to the order, distribution or sale of the dicamba-based herbicides are still prohibited unless for proper disposal or returns. Those who purchased the herbicides before the June 3rd cancellation are still able to use them. All of use of these systems must cease by July 31st.

The Center for Food Safety and the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) have already filed a motion asking the Ninth Circuit Court to hold Wheeler and the EPA in contempt for allowing farmers to use the product in defiance of the court’s decision.

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It’s mind-boggling to see the EPA blatantly ignore a court ruling, especially one that provides such important protections for farmers and the environment…We’re asking this court to restore the rule of law at the Trump EPA.”

Stephanie Parent, a senior attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity

President Trump has opened the only national marine monument in the Atlantic to commercial fishing. The Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument was established in 2016 by President Obama and includes nearly 5,000 acres of the coast of New England. The monument is noted for its biodiversity, and opening up the area to commercial fishing will have a devastating effect on that ecosystem.

Opening up the nation’s only marine national monument in the Atlantic will help no one but a handful of fishers while risking irreparable damage to the marine wildlife that have no other fully protected areas off our eastern seaboard…Ancient and slow-growing deep sea corals, endangered large whales and sea turtles, and an incredible array of fish, seabirds, sharks, dolphins, and other wildlife—these are the species and habitats that will pay the price.”

Bob Dreher, senior vice president of Conservation Programs at Defenders of Wildlife

The area is home to four seamounts, 3 underwater canyons, more than 54 species of deep-sea corals, and is a frequent feeding ground for whales, sharks, seabirds, dolphins, turtles, and other species. Many of the corals are more than 1,000 years old.

President Trump’s decision comes a day after he signed an executive order removing the need for environmental review before going forward with projects like pipelines and highways. The opening of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument to commercial fishing, leaving more than 1,000 species open to the damage caused by the industry, is only the latest of the President’s systemic dismantling of environmental protections in the United States.

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Sources:

• Trump Illegally Eliminates Protections for First and Only Monument in the Atlantic Ocean – NRDC
• Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument – NOAA Fisheries

The Ninth U.S. Court of Appeals in San Francisco ruled that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) broke the law when they approved Bayer’s XtendiMax dicamba-based herbicide system and revoked the approval of that product. They also canceled registrations for the additional dicamba-based herbicides, like BASF’s Engenia and Corteva Agriscience’s FeXapan. Sales of the herbicide have been stopped, and farmers planning to use the system this year will now be unable to.

Dicamba has been the subject of several lawsuits, including a $265 million verdict against Bayer earlier this year, due to the herbicide drifting onto nd damaging other plants when it’s applied. The decision by the federal court determined that the EPA underestimated the extent of dicamba’s drift when they approved Bayer’s (then Monsanto) XtendiMax.

We hold that the EPA substantially understated risks that it acknowledged and failed entirely to acknowledge other risks.”

Judge William Fletcher

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The petition was brought to the Court of Appeals by the National Family Farm Coalition, Center for Food Safety, Center for Biological Diversity, and the Pesticide Action Network North America. The court’s verdict is a big win for environmental groups and farmers with pending cases against Bayer.

This is a massive victory that will protect people and wildlife from uses of a highly toxic pesticide that never should have been approved by the EPA. The fact that the Trump EPA approved these uses of dicamba despite its well-documented record of damaging millions of acres of farmland, tree groves and gardens highlights how tightly the pesticide industry controls EPA’s pesticide-approval process.”

Lori Ann Burd, Center for Biological Diversity

The decision also comes at a time that the current administration is strategically dismantling EPA policies designed to protect citizens and the environment from big business pollution.

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Sources:

• U.S. court blocks sales of Bayer weed killer in United States – Reuters
• Court overturns EPA approval of popular herbicide made by Monsanto – The Guardian

The Cook County Board of Commissioners has voted yes to a resolution to share the addresses of positive COVID-19 patients with suburban first responders. The board claims they voted to pass this motion in an effort to protect first responders against the virus, but this raises serious concerns about the privacy of citizens.

Chicago Mayor, Lori Lightfoot

Today, to my great astonishment and disappointment, nine members of the Cook County Board of Commissioners voted to capitulate to ignorance and bigotry by voting to force the disclosure of the addresses of every patient who has tested positive for COVID-19.

Mayor Lori Lightfoot via Twitter

Mayor Lightfoot later went on to say that the sharing of addresses would never become law in Chicago. Cook County is not the first municipality to discuss the sharing of COVID-19 patients’ addresses. Recent events in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic go to show how little our personal freedoms matter to those in power, and just how little people care when they’re scared.

In news that should surprise no one, the Trump Administration’s decision to walk back the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) enforcement of environmental regulations has resulted in a significant increase in Great Lakes pollution from corporations. The Environmental Law and Policy Center (ELPC) recently released a report that examined clean water regulation enforcement and found that there was a decrease in compliance cases initiated, civil penalties for violations, and the staff needed to properly protect the Great Lakes. The EPA has also been subject to significant yearly budget cuts, though the agency isn’t even spending all the money congress has given it for enforcement.

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As enforcement has trended downward, compliance has worsened. In 2019, there were 62% more facilities in significant noncompliance with the Clean Water Act, when compared to the average number of facilities in significant noncompliance between FY (fiscal year) 2012 to FY 2017.

Environmental Law and Policy Center

The numbers from FY 2012 to FY 2019 are incredibly upsetting. The number of major facilities in serious non-compliance with environmental regulations has risen from 122 to 211. That increase is the direct inverse of compliance enforcement. As non-compliance has risen, compliance enforcement has floundered.

• The number of compliance cases opened has gone from 340 to 208, while case closures have gone from 351 to 205.
• The amount of penalties assessed has gone from a high of $1.4 million (2013) to a low of $303,000 (2018).
• The compliance enforcement budget has shrunk from $257,000 to $240,000.
• The staff assigned to the Great Lakes region has declined from 1,249 employees to 940.

Government officials continually claim companies will follow the environmental regulations on their own, but the numbers are clear. Corporations aren’t following the rules, and they have no incentive to do so as long as it’s cheaper to pay someone to look the other way than it is to do clean up after themselves.

Sources:

• Report: As EPA pulls back under Trump, serious pollution rises on Great Lakes – Detroit Free Press
• Under Trump, the EPA has cut back on enforcement of clean water laws in the Great Lakes Region – Chicago Tribune